The Odyssey · Homer · openearbooks.com
Book Seventeen
TELEMACHUS AND HIS MOTHER MEET. ODYSSEUS AND EUMAEUS COME DOWN TO THE TOWN, AND ODYSSEUS IS INSULTED BY MELANTHIUS. HE IS RECOGNISED BY THE DOG ARGOS. HE IS INSULTED AND PRESENTLY STRUCK BY ANTINOUS WITH A STOOL. PENELOPE DESIRES THAT HE SHALL BE SENT TO HER.
Butler used the Roman names common in his day, and we have restored the Greek ones Homer used, so this is Odysseus and Athena rather than Ulysses and Minerva.
Butler's translation is unabridged. His text is the 1900 revision, checked against an independent transcription of the 1898 printing, which found three errors and corrected them.
The classic translation · 1
When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, Telemachus bound on his sandals and took a strong spear that suited his hands, for he wanted to go into the city. “Old friend,” said he to the swineherd, “I will now go to the town and show myself to my mother, for she will never leave off grieving till she has seen me. As for this unfortunate stranger, take him to the town and let him beg there of any one who will give him a drink and a piece of bread. I have trouble enough of my own, and cannot be burdened with other people. If this makes him angry so much the worse for him, but I like to say what I mean.”
Plain English · 1
When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, Telemachus bound on his sandals and took a strong spear that suited his hand, because he wanted to go into the city. "Old friend," he said to the swineherd, "I am going to the town now to show myself to my mother. She will never stop grieving until she has seen me. As for this unfortunate stranger, take him to the town and let him beg there from anyone who will give him a drink and a piece of bread. I have trouble enough of my own, and I cannot be burdened with other people. If that makes him angry, so much the worse for him, but I like to say what I mean."
The classic translation · 2
Then Odysseus said, “Sir, I do not want to stay here; a beggar can always do better in town than country, for any one who likes can give him something. I am too old to care about remaining here at the beck and call of a master. Therefore let this man do as you have just told him, and take me to the town as soon as I have had a warm by the fire, and the day has got a little heat in it. My clothes are wretchedly thin, and this frosty morning I shall be perished with cold, for you say the city is some way off.”
Plain English · 2
Then Odysseus said, "Sir, I do not want to stay here either. A beggar can always do better in a town than in the country, because anyone who likes can give him something. I am too old to care about staying here at the beck and call of a master. So let this man do as you have just told him, and take me to the town as soon as I have had a warm by the fire and the day has got a little heat in it. My clothes are wretchedly thin, and on a frosty morning like this I shall be half dead with cold, because you say the city is some way off."
The classic translation · 3
On this Telemachus strode off through the yards, brooding his revenge upon the suitors. When he reached home he stood his spear against a bearing-post of the cloister, crossed the stone floor of the cloister itself, and went inside.
Plain English · 3
At this Telemachus strode off through the yards, brooding on his revenge against the suitors. When he reached home he stood his spear against a post of the covered walkway, crossed its stone floor, and went inside.
The classic translation · 4
Nurse Euryclea saw him long before any one else did. She was putting the fleeces on to the seats, and she burst out crying as she ran up to him; all the other maids came up too, and covered his head and shoulders with their kisses. Penelope came out of her room looking like Artemis or Aphrodite, and wept as she flung her arms about her son. She kissed his forehead and both his beautiful eyes, “Light of my eyes,” she cried as she spoke fondly to him, “so you are come home again; I made sure I was never going to see you any more. To think of your having gone off to Pylos without saying anything about it or obtaining my consent. But come, tell me what you saw.”
Plain English · 4
Nurse Euryclea saw him long before anyone else did. She was putting the fleeces onto the seats, and she burst out crying as she ran up to him. All the other maids came up too, and covered his head and shoulders with kisses. Penelope came out of her room looking like Artemis or Aphrodite, and wept as she flung her arms about her son. She kissed his forehead and both his beautiful eyes. "Light of my eyes," she cried, speaking fondly to him, "so you have come home again. I made sure I would never see you any more. To think of your going off to Pylos without saying a word about it, or getting my consent. But come, tell me what you saw."
The classic translation · 5
“Do not scold me, mother,” answered Telemachus, “nor vex me, seeing what a narrow escape I have had, but wash your face, change your dress, go upstairs with your maids, and promise full and sufficient hecatombs to all the gods if Zeus will only grant us our revenge upon the suitors. I must now go to the place of assembly to invite a stranger who has come back with me from Pylos. I sent him on with my crew, and told Piraeus to take him home and look after him till I could come for him myself.”
Plain English · 5
"Do not scold me, mother," Telemachus answered, "and do not vex me, seeing what a narrow escape I have had. Wash your face, change your dress, go upstairs with your maids, and promise a full sacrifice of a hundred oxen to all the gods, if Zeus will only grant us our revenge on the suitors. I must go now to the meeting place, to invite a stranger who has come back with me from Pylos. I sent him on with my crew, and told Piraeus to take him home and look after him until I could come for him myself."
The classic translation · 6
She heeded her son’s words, washed her face, changed her dress, and vowed full and sufficient hecatombs to all the gods if they would only vouchsafe her revenge upon the suitors.
Plain English · 6
She listened to her son, washed her face, changed her dress, and vowed a full sacrifice of a hundred oxen to all the gods, if they would only grant her revenge on the suitors.
The classic translation · 7
Telemachus went through, and out of, the cloisters spear in hand—not alone, for his two fleet dogs went with him. Athena endowed him with a presence of such divine comeliness that all marvelled at him as he went by, and the suitors gathered round him with fair words in their mouths and malice in their hearts; but he avoided them, and went to sit with Mentor, Antiphus, and Halitherses, old friends of his father’s house, and they made him tell them all that had happened to him. Then Piraeus came up with Theoclymenus, whom he had escorted through the town to the place of assembly, whereon Telemachus at once joined them. Piraeus was first to speak: “Telemachus,” said he, “I wish you would send some of your women to my house to take away the presents Menelaus gave you.”
Plain English · 7
Telemachus went out through the covered walkways with his spear in his hand. He did not go alone: his two swift dogs went with him. Athena gave him such divine grace that everyone marveled at him as he went by, and the suitors gathered round him with fair words in their mouths and malice in their hearts. But he avoided them, and went to sit with Mentor, Antiphus and Halitherses, old friends of his father's house, and they made him tell them everything that had happened to him. Then Piraeus came up with Theoclymenus, whom he had escorted through the town to the meeting place, and Telemachus at once joined them. Piraeus spoke first. "Telemachus," he said, "I wish you would send some of your women to my house to take away the presents Menelaus gave you."
The classic translation · 8
“We do not know, Piraeus,” answered Telemachus, “what may happen. If the suitors kill me in my own house and divide my property among them, I would rather you had the presents than that any of those people should get hold of them. If on the other hand I managed to kill them, I shall be much obliged if you will kindly bring me my presents.”
Plain English · 8
"We do not know, Piraeus," Telemachus answered, "what may happen. If the suitors kill me in my own house and divide my property among them, I would rather you had the presents than that any of those people got hold of them. But if I manage to kill them, I shall be much obliged if you will kindly bring me my presents."
The classic translation · 9
With these words he took Theoclymenus to his own house. When they got there they laid their cloaks on the benches and seats, went into the baths, and washed themselves. When the maids had washed and anointed them, and had given them cloaks and shirts, they took their seats at table. A maid servant then brought them water in a beautiful golden ewer, and poured it into a silver basin for them to wash their hands; and she drew a clean table beside them. An upper servant brought them bread and offered them many good things of what there was in the house. Opposite them sat Penelope, reclining on a couch by one of the bearing-posts of the cloister, and spinning. Then they laid their hands on the good things that were before them, and as soon as they had had enough to eat and drink Penelope said:
Plain English · 9
With these words he took Theoclymenus to his own house. When they got there they laid their cloaks on the benches and seats, went into the baths, and washed. When the maids had washed them and rubbed them with oil, and had given them cloaks and shirts, they took their seats at the table. A maid brought them water in a beautiful gold jug and poured it into a silver basin for them to wash their hands, and she drew a clean table up beside them. An upper servant brought them bread and offered them plenty of good things from what there was in the house. Opposite them sat Penelope, leaning back on a couch by one of the posts of the covered walkway, spinning. Then they laid their hands on the good things in front of them, and as soon as they had had enough to eat and drink Penelope said:
The classic translation · 10
“Telemachus, I shall go upstairs and lie down on that sad couch, which I have not ceased to water with my tears, from the day Odysseus set out for Troy with the sons of Atreus. You failed, however, to make it clear to me before the suitors came back to the house, whether or no you had been able to hear anything about the return of your father.”
Plain English · 10
"Telemachus, I shall go upstairs and lie down on that sad bed, which I have never stopped watering with my tears since the day Odysseus set out for Troy with the sons of Atreus. But you failed to make it clear to me, before the suitors came back to the house, whether you had been able to hear anything about your father's return."
The classic translation · 11
“I will tell you the truth,” replied her son. “We went to Pylos and saw Nestor, who took me to his house and treated me as hospitably as though I were a son of his own who had just returned after a long absence; so also did his sons; but he said he had not heard a word from any human being about Odysseus, whether he was alive or dead. He sent me, therefore, with a chariot and horses to Menelaus. There I saw Helen, for whose sake so many, both Achaeans and Trojans, were in heaven’s wisdom doomed to suffer. Menelaus asked me what it was that had brought me to Lacedaemon, and I told him the whole truth, whereon he said, ‘So, then, these cowards would usurp a brave man’s bed? A hind might as well lay her new-born young in the lair of a lion, and then go off to feed in the forest or in some grassy dell. The lion, when he comes back to his lair, will make short work with the pair of them, and so will Odysseus with these suitors. By father Zeus, Athena, and Apollo, if Odysseus is still the man that he was when he wrestled with Philomeleides in Lesbos, and threw him so heavily that all the Greeks cheered him—if he is still such, and were to come near these suitors, they would have a short shrift and a sorry wedding. As regards your question, however, I will not prevaricate nor deceive you, but what the old man of the sea told me, so much I will tell you in full. He said he could see Odysseus on an island sorrowing bitterly in the house of the nymph Calypso, who was keeping him prisoner, and he could not reach his home, for he had no ships nor sailors to take him over the sea.’ This was what Menelaus told me, and when I had heard his story I came away; the gods then gave me a fair wind and soon brought me safe home again.”
Plain English · 11
"I will tell you the truth," her son replied. "We went to Pylos and saw Nestor, who took me to his house and treated me as hospitably as though I were a son of his own who had just come back after a long absence, and so did his sons. But he said he had not heard a word from any human being about Odysseus, whether he was alive or dead. So he sent me on to Menelaus with a chariot and horses. There I saw Helen, for whose sake so many Achaeans and Trojans were doomed by heaven's wisdom to suffer. Menelaus asked me what had brought me to Lacedaemon, and I told him the whole truth, and then he said, 'So these cowards want to take a brave man's bed? A deer might as well lay her newborn young in a lion's den and then go off to feed in the forest or in some grassy hollow. When the lion comes back to his den he will make short work of the pair of them, and so will Odysseus with these suitors. By father Zeus, Athena and Apollo, remember how Odysseus wrestled with Philomeleides in Lesbos and threw him so heavily that all the Greeks cheered. If he is still that man, and came near these suitors, they would die quickly, and it would be a sorry wedding. As for your question, I will not dodge it or deceive you. What the old man of the sea told me, I will tell you in full. He said he could see Odysseus on an island, grieving bitterly in the house of the nymph Calypso, who was keeping him prisoner. He could not reach his home, because he had no ships and no sailors to take him over the sea.' That was what Menelaus told me, and when I had heard his story I came away. The gods gave me a fair wind and soon brought me safely home again."
The classic translation · 12
With these words he moved the heart of Penelope. Then Theoclymenus said to her:
Plain English · 12
With these words he moved the heart of Penelope. Then Theoclymenus said to her:
The classic translation · 13
“Madam, wife of Odysseus, Telemachus does not understand these things; listen therefore to me, for I can divine them surely, and will hide nothing from you. May Zeus the king of heaven be my witness, and the rites of hospitality, with that hearth of Odysseus to which I now come, that Odysseus himself is even now in Ithaca, and, either going about the country or staying in one place, is enquiring into all these evil deeds and preparing a day of reckoning for the suitors. I saw an omen when I was on the ship which meant this, and I told Telemachus about it.”
Plain English · 13
"Madam, wife of Odysseus, Telemachus does not understand these things. Listen to me, then, because I can read them surely, and I will hide nothing from you. Let Zeus the king of heaven be my witness, and the rights of the guest, and that hearth of Odysseus which I have now come to: Odysseus himself is in Ithaca at this moment. Whether he is going about the country or staying in one place, he is looking into all these evil deeds and preparing a day of reckoning for the suitors. I saw a sign on the ship that meant this, and I told Telemachus about it."
The classic translation · 14
“May it be even so,” answered Penelope; “if your words come true, you shall have such gifts and such good will from me that all who see you shall congratulate you.”
Plain English · 14
"May it be so," Penelope answered. "If your words come true, you shall have such gifts and such good will from me that everyone who sees you will congratulate you."
The classic translation · 15
Thus did they converse. Meanwhile the suitors were throwing discs, or aiming with spears at a mark on the levelled ground in front of the house, and behaving with all their old insolence. But when it was now time for dinner, and the flocks of sheep and goats had come into the town from all the country round, with their shepherds as usual, then Medon, who was their favourite servant, and who waited upon them at table, said, “Now then, my young masters, you have had enough sport, so come inside that we may get dinner ready. Dinner is not a bad thing, at dinner time.”
Plain English · 15
So they talked. Meanwhile the suitors were throwing discs, or aiming spears at a mark on the leveled ground in front of the house, and behaving with all their old insolence. But when it came to dinner time, the flock of sheep and goats came into the town from all the country round with their shepherds, as usual. Then Medon, who was their favorite servant and waited on them at table, said, "Now then, my young masters, you have had enough sport. Come inside and let us get dinner ready. Dinner is not a bad thing, at dinner time."
The classic translation · 16
They left their sports as he told them, and when they were within the house, they laid their cloaks on the benches and seats inside, and then sacrificed some sheep, goats, pigs, and a heifer, all of them fat and well grown. Thus they made ready for their meal. In the meantime Odysseus and the swineherd were about starting for the town, and the swineherd said, “Stranger, I suppose you still want to go to town to-day, as my master said you were to do; for my own part I should have liked you to stay here as a station hand, but I must do as my master tells me, or he will scold me later on, and a scolding from one’s master is a very serious thing. Let us then be off, for it is now broad day; it will be night again directly and then you will find it colder.”
Plain English · 16
They left their sports as he told them, and when they were inside the house they laid their cloaks on the benches and seats. Then they sacrificed some sheep, goats and pigs, and a heifer, all of them fat and well grown. So they made ready for their meal. In the meantime Odysseus and the swineherd were about to start for the town, and the swineherd said, "Stranger, I suppose you still want to go to town today, as my master said you were to. For my own part I should have liked you to stay here as a station hand. But I must do as my master tells me, or he will scold me later on, and a scolding from your master is a very serious thing. Let us be off, then, because it is broad day now. It will be night again soon, and then you will find it colder."
The classic translation · 17
“I know, and understand you,” replied Odysseus; “you need say no more. Let us be going, but if you have a stick ready cut, let me have it to walk with, for you say the road is a very rough one.”
Plain English · 17
"I know, and I understand you," Odysseus replied. "You need say no more. Let us be going. But if you have a stick ready cut, let me have it to walk with, because you say the road is a very rough one."
The classic translation · 18
As he spoke he threw his shabby old tattered wallet over his shoulders, by the cord from which it hung, and Eumaeus gave him a stick to his liking. The two then started, leaving the station in charge of the dogs and herdsmen who remained behind; the swineherd led the way and his master followed after, looking like some broken down old tramp as he leaned upon his staff, and his clothes were all in rags. When they had got over the rough steep ground and were nearing the city, they reached the fountain from which the citizens drew their water. This had been made by Ithacus, Neritus, and Polyctor. There was a grove of water-loving poplars planted in a circle all round it, and the clear cold water came down to it from a rock high up, while above the fountain there was an altar to the nymphs, at which all wayfarers used to sacrifice. Here Melanthius son of Dolius overtook them as he was driving down some goats, the best in his flock, for the suitors’ dinner, and there were two shepherds with him. When he saw Eumaeus and Odysseus he reviled them with outrageous and unseemly language, which made Odysseus very angry.
Plain English · 18
As he spoke he threw his shabby old tattered bag over his shoulders by the cord it hung from, and Eumaeus gave him a stick he liked. The two of them started, leaving the station in charge of the dogs and the herdsmen who stayed behind. The swineherd led the way, and his master followed after, looking like some broken-down old tramp as he leaned on his staff, with his clothes all in rags. When they had got over the rough steep ground and were nearing the city, they came to the spring the townspeople drew their water from. It had been made by Ithacus, Neritus and Polyctor. There was a grove of water-loving poplars planted in a circle all round it, and the clear cold water came down to it from a rock high up. Above the spring there was an altar to the nymphs, where every traveler used to sacrifice. Here Melanthius son of Dolius overtook them. He was driving down some goats, the best in his flock, for the suitors' dinner, and there were two shepherds with him. When he saw Eumaeus and Odysseus he abused them with foul and disgraceful language, which made Odysseus very angry.
The classic translation · 19
“There you go,” cried he, “and a precious pair you are. See how heaven brings birds of the same feather to one another. Where, pray, master swineherd, are you taking this poor miserable object? It would make any one sick to see such a creature at table. A fellow like this never won a prize for anything in his life, but will go about rubbing his shoulders against every man’s door post, and begging, not for swords and cauldrons like a man, but only for a few scraps not worth begging for. If you would give him to me for a hand on my station, he might do to clean out the folds, or bring a bit of sweet feed to the kids, and he could fatten his thighs as much as he pleased on whey; but he has taken to bad ways and will not go about any kind of work; he will do nothing but beg victuals all the town over, to feed his insatiable belly. I say, therefore—and it shall surely be—if he goes near Odysseus’ house he will get his head broken by the stools they will fling at him, till they turn him out.”
Plain English · 19
"There you go," he cried, "and a precious pair you are. See how heaven brings birds of a feather together. Where, may I ask, master swineherd, are you taking this poor miserable object? It would make anyone sick to see such a creature at table. A fellow like this never won a prize for anything in his life. He will go about rubbing his shoulders against every man's doorpost, and begging, not for swords and cauldrons like a man, but only for a few scraps not worth begging for. If you would give him to me for a hand on my station, he might do to clean out the pens, or bring a bit of sweet feed to the kids. He could fatten his thighs as much as he liked on whey. But he has taken to bad ways and will not do any kind of work. He will do nothing but beg food all over the town, to feed a belly that is never full. So I tell you this, and it will surely happen: if he goes near the house of Odysseus he will get his head broken by the stools they throw at him, until they turn him out."
The classic translation · 20
On this, as he passed, he gave Odysseus a kick on the hip out of pure wantonness, but Odysseus stood firm, and did not budge from the path. For a moment he doubted whether or no to fly at Melanthius and kill him with his staff, or fling him to the ground and beat his brains out; he resolved, however, to endure it and keep himself in check, but the swineherd looked straight at Melanthius and rebuked him, lifting up his hands and praying to heaven as he did so.
Plain English · 20
As he passed, he gave Odysseus a kick on the hip out of pure spite, but Odysseus stood firm and did not budge from the path. For a moment he wondered whether to fly at Melanthius and kill him with his staff, or fling him to the ground and beat his brains out. But he decided to endure it and keep himself in check. The swineherd, though, looked straight at Melanthius and rebuked him, lifting up his hands and praying to heaven as he did it.
The classic translation · 21
“Fountain nymphs,” he cried, “children of Zeus, if ever Odysseus burned you thigh bones covered with fat whether of lambs or kids, grant my prayer that heaven may send him home. He would soon put an end to the swaggering threats with which such men as you go about insulting people—gadding all over the town while your flocks are going to ruin through bad shepherding.”
Plain English · 21
"Nymphs of the spring," he cried, "children of Zeus, if ever Odysseus burned you thigh bones covered with fat, whether of lambs or kids, grant my prayer and let heaven send him home. He would soon put an end to the swaggering threats that men like you go about insulting people with, wandering all over the town while your flocks go to ruin through bad shepherding."
The classic translation · 22
Then Melanthius the goatherd answered, “You ill conditioned cur, what are you talking about? Some day or other I will put you on board ship and take you to a foreign country, where I can sell you and pocket the money you will fetch. I wish I were as sure that Apollo would strike Telemachus dead this very day, or that the suitors would kill him, as I am that Odysseus will never come home again.”
Plain English · 22
Then Melanthius the goatherd answered, "You badly bred dog, what are you talking about? One of these days I will put you on board ship and take you to a foreign country, where I can sell you and pocket the money you fetch. I wish I were as sure that Apollo would strike Telemachus dead this very day, or that the suitors would kill him, as I am that Odysseus will never come home again."
The classic translation · 23
With this he left them to come on at their leisure, while he went quickly forward and soon reached the house of his master. When he got there he went in and took his seat among the suitors opposite Eurymachus, who liked him better than any of the others. The servants brought him a portion of meat, and an upper woman servant set bread before him that he might eat. Presently Odysseus and the swineherd came up to the house and stood by it, amid a sound of music, for Phemius was just beginning to sing to the suitors. Then Odysseus took hold of the swineherd’s hand, and said:
Plain English · 23
With that he left them to come on at their leisure, while he went quickly ahead and soon reached his master's house. When he got there he went in and took his seat among the suitors, opposite Eurymachus, who liked him better than any of the others. The servants brought him a portion of meat, and an upper woman servant set bread in front of him to eat. Presently Odysseus and the swineherd came up to the house and stood by it, hearing music, because Phemius was just beginning to sing to the suitors. Then Odysseus took hold of the swineherd's hand and said:
The classic translation · 24
“Eumaeus, this house of Odysseus is a very fine place. No matter how far you go, you will find few like it. One building keeps following on after another. The outer court has a wall with battlements all round it; the doors are double folding, and of good workmanship; it would be a hard matter to take it by force of arms. I perceive, too, that there are many people banqueting within it, for there is a smell of roast meat, and I hear a sound of music, which the gods have made to go along with feasting.”
Plain English · 24
"Eumaeus, this house of Odysseus is a very fine place. However far you go, you will find few like it. One building keeps following on after another. The outer court has a wall with battlements all round it. The doors are double, and well made. It would be a hard matter to take it by force of arms. I can tell there are many people feasting inside, because there is a smell of roast meat, and I hear music, which the gods have made to go along with feasting."
The classic translation · 25
Then Eumaeus said, “You have perceived aright, as indeed you generally do; but let us think what will be our best course. Will you go inside first and join the suitors, leaving me here behind you, or will you wait here and let me go in first? But do not wait long, or some one may see you loitering about outside, and throw something at you. Consider this matter I pray you.”
Plain English · 25
Then Eumaeus said, "You have seen it rightly, as you generally do. But let us think what our best course will be. Will you go inside first and join the suitors, leaving me here behind you? Or will you wait here and let me go in first? Do not wait long, though, or somebody may see you loitering about outside and throw something at you. Think it over, I beg you."
The classic translation · 26
And Odysseus answered, “I understand and heed. Go in first and leave me here where I am. I am quite used to being beaten and having things thrown at me. I have been so much buffeted about in war and by sea that I am case-hardened, and this too may go with the rest. But a man cannot hide away the cravings of a hungry belly; this is an enemy which gives much trouble to all men; it is because of this that ships are fitted out to sail the seas, and to make war upon other people.”
Plain English · 26
And Odysseus answered, "I understand, and I will do as you say. Go in first and leave me here where I am. I am quite used to being beaten and having things thrown at me. I have been so knocked about in war and at sea that I have grown a hard skin, and this can go with the rest. But a man cannot hide away the cravings of a hungry belly. That is an enemy which gives all men a great deal of trouble. It is because of it that ships are fitted out to sail the seas and to make war on other people."
The classic translation · 27
As they were thus talking, a dog that had been lying asleep raised his head and pricked up his ears. This was Argos, whom Odysseus had bred before setting out for Troy, but he had never had any work out of him. In the old days he used to be taken out by the young men when they went hunting wild goats, or deer, or hares, but now that his master was gone he was lying neglected on the heaps of mule and cow dung that lay in front of the stable doors till the men should come and draw it away to manure the great close; and he was full of fleas. As soon as he saw Odysseus standing there, he dropped his ears and wagged his tail, but he could not get close up to his master. When Odysseus saw the dog on the other side of the yard, he dashed a tear from his eyes without Eumaeus seeing it, and said:
Plain English · 27
As they were talking, a dog that had been lying asleep raised his head and pricked up his ears. This was Argos, whom Odysseus had bred before setting out for Troy, though he had never had any work out of him. In the old days the young men used to take him out when they went hunting wild goats, or deer, or hares. But now that his master was gone he lay neglected on the heaps of mule and cow dung in front of the stable doors, waiting for the men to come and carry it away to manure the big field. He was full of fleas. As soon as he saw Odysseus standing there, he dropped his ears and wagged his tail, but he could not get close to his master. When Odysseus saw the dog across the yard, he wiped away a tear without Eumaeus seeing it, and said:
The classic translation · 28
“Eumaeus, what a noble hound that is over yonder on the manure heap: his build is splendid; is he as fine a fellow as he looks, or is he only one of those dogs that come begging about a table, and are kept merely for show?”
Plain English · 28
"Eumaeus, what a noble hound that is over there on the manure heap. His build is splendid. Is he as fine a fellow as he looks, or is he only one of those dogs that come begging round a table and are kept just for show?"
The classic translation · 29
“This hound,” answered Eumaeus, “belonged to him who has died in a far country. If he were what he was when Odysseus left for Troy, he would soon show you what he could do. There was not a wild beast in the forest that could get away from him when he was once on its tracks. But now he has fallen on evil times, for his master is dead and gone, and the women take no care of him. Servants never do their work when their master’s hand is no longer over them, for Zeus takes half the goodness out of a man when he makes a slave of him.”
Plain English · 29
"This hound," Eumaeus answered, "belonged to the man who died in a far country. If he were what he was when Odysseus left for Troy, he would soon show you what he could do. There was not a wild beast in the forest that could get away from him once he was on its tracks. But now he has fallen on evil times. His master is dead and gone, and the women take no care of him. Servants never do their work when their master's hand is no longer over them, because Zeus takes half the goodness out of a man when he makes a slave of him."
The classic translation · 30
As he spoke he went inside the buildings to the cloister where the suitors were, but Argos died as soon as he had recognised his master.
Plain English · 30
As he spoke he went inside the buildings to the covered walkway where the suitors were, but Argos died as soon as he had recognized his master.
The classic translation · 31
Telemachus saw Eumaeus long before any one else did, and beckoned him to come and sit beside him; so he looked about and saw a seat lying near where the carver sat serving out their portions to the suitors; he picked it up, brought it to Telemachus’s table, and sat down opposite him. Then the servant brought him his portion, and gave him bread from the bread-basket.
Plain English · 31
Telemachus saw Eumaeus long before anyone else did, and beckoned to him to come and sit beside him. So he looked about and saw a seat lying near where the carver sat serving out the suitors' portions. He picked it up, brought it to Telemachus's table, and sat down opposite him. Then the servant brought him his portion and gave him bread from the bread basket.
The classic translation · 32
Immediately afterwards Odysseus came inside, looking like a poor miserable old beggar, leaning on his staff and with his clothes all in rags. He sat down upon the threshold of ash-wood just inside the doors leading from the outer to the inner court, and against a bearing-post of cypress-wood which the carpenter had skilfully planed, and had made to join truly with rule and line. Telemachus took a whole loaf from the bread-basket, with as much meat as he could hold in his two hands, and said to Eumaeus, “Take this to the stranger, and tell him to go the round of the suitors, and beg from them; a beggar must not be shamefaced.”
Plain English · 32
Immediately afterward Odysseus came inside, looking like a poor miserable old beggar, leaning on his staff with his clothes all in rags. He sat down on the ash-wood threshold just inside the doors leading from the outer court to the inner one, against a post of cypress wood that the carpenter had planed skillfully and squared true with rule and line. Telemachus took a whole loaf from the bread basket, with as much meat as he could hold in both hands, and said to Eumaeus, "Take this to the stranger, and tell him to go round the suitors and beg from them. A beggar must not be shy."
The classic translation · 33
So Eumaeus went up to him and said, “Stranger, Telemachus sends you this, and says you are to go the round of the suitors begging, for beggars must not be shamefaced.”
Plain English · 33
So Eumaeus went up to him and said, "Stranger, Telemachus sends you this, and says you are to go round the suitors begging, because beggars must not be shy."
The classic translation · 34
Odysseus answered, “May King Zeus grant all happiness to Telemachus, and fulfil the desire of his heart.”
Plain English · 34
Odysseus answered, "May King Zeus grant all happiness to Telemachus, and give him his heart's desire."
The classic translation · 35
Then with both hands he took what Telemachus had sent him, and laid it on the dirty old wallet at his feet. He went on eating it while the bard was singing, and had just finished his dinner as he left off. The suitors applauded the bard, whereon Athena went up to Odysseus and prompted him to beg pieces of bread from each one of the suitors, that he might see what kind of people they were, and tell the good from the bad; but come what might she was not going to save a single one of them. Odysseus, therefore, went on his round, going from left to right, and stretched out his hands to beg as though he were a real beggar. Some of them pitied him, and were curious about him, asking one another who he was and where he came from; whereon the goatherd Melanthius said, “Suitors of my noble mistress, I can tell you something about him, for I have seen him before. The swineherd brought him here, but I know nothing about the man himself, nor where he comes from.”
Plain English · 35
Then he took what Telemachus had sent him in both hands and laid it on the dirty old bag at his feet. He went on eating it while the singer sang, and finished his dinner just as the singer left off. The suitors applauded, and Athena went up to Odysseus and prompted him to beg pieces of bread from every one of the suitors, so that he could see what kind of people they were and tell the good from the bad. But whatever happened, she was not going to save a single one of them. So Odysseus went on his round, going from left to right, and stretched out his hands to beg as though he were a real beggar. Some of them pitied him and were curious about him, asking one another who he was and where he came from. Then the goatherd Melanthius said, "Suitors of my noble mistress, I can tell you something about him, because I have seen him before. The swineherd brought him here, but I know nothing about the man himself, or where he comes from."
The classic translation · 36
On this Antinous began to abuse the swineherd. “You precious idiot,” he cried, “what have you brought this man to town for? Have we not tramps and beggars enough already to pester us as we sit at meat? Do you think it a small thing that such people gather here to waste your master’s property—and must you needs bring this man as well?”
Plain English · 36
At this Antinous began to abuse the swineherd. "You precious idiot," he cried, "what have you brought this man to town for? Have we not tramps and beggars enough already to pester us as we sit at our meat? Do you think it a small thing that such people gather here to waste your master's property, and must you bring this one as well?"
The classic translation · 37
And Eumaeus answered, “Antinous, your birth is good but your words evil. It was no doing of mine that he came here. Who is likely to invite a stranger from a foreign country, unless it be one of those who can do public service as a seer, a healer of hurts, a carpenter, or a bard who can charm us with his singing? Such men are welcome all the world over, but no one is likely to ask a beggar who will only worry him. You are always harder on Odysseus’ servants than any of the other suitors are, and above all on me, but I do not care so long as Telemachus and Penelope are alive and here.”
Plain English · 37
And Eumaeus answered, "Antinous, your birth is good but your words are evil. It was no doing of mine that he came here. Who is likely to invite a stranger from a foreign country? Only a man who can do the public a service: a seer, a healer, a carpenter, or a singer who can charm us with his singing. Such men are welcome all the world over, but nobody is likely to ask in a beggar who will only be a nuisance to him. You are always harder on the servants of Odysseus than any of the other suitors are, and hardest of all on me. But I do not care, so long as Telemachus and Penelope are alive and here."
The classic translation · 38
But Telemachus said, “Hush, do not answer him; Antinous has the bitterest tongue of all the suitors, and he makes the others worse.”
Plain English · 38
But Telemachus said, "Hush, do not answer him. Antinous has the bitterest tongue of all the suitors, and he makes the others worse."
The classic translation · 39
Then turning to Antinous he said, “Antinous, you take as much care of my interests as though I were your son. Why should you want to see this stranger turned out of the house? Heaven forbid; take something and give it him yourself; I do not grudge it; I bid you take it. Never mind my mother, nor any of the other servants in the house; but I know you will not do what I say, for you are more fond of eating things yourself than of giving them to other people.”
Plain English · 39
Then, turning to Antinous, he said, "Antinous, you take as much care of my interests as though I were your son. Why should you want to see this stranger turned out of the house? Heaven forbid. Take something and give it to him yourself. I do not grudge it. I tell you to take it. Never mind my mother, or any of the other servants in the house. But I know you will not do what I say, because you are fonder of eating things yourself than of giving them to other people."
The classic translation · 40
“What do you mean, Telemachus,” replied Antinous, “by this swaggering talk? If all the suitors were to give him as much as I will, he would not come here again for another three months.”
Plain English · 40
"What do you mean, Telemachus," Antinous replied, "by this swaggering talk? If all the suitors gave him as much as I will, he would not come here again for another three months."
The classic translation · 41
As he spoke he drew the stool on which he rested his dainty feet from under the table, and made as though he would throw it at Odysseus, but the other suitors all gave him something, and filled his wallet with bread and meat; he was about, therefore, to go back to the threshold and eat what the suitors had given him, but he first went up to Antinous and said:
Plain English · 41
As he spoke he drew out the stool his dainty feet were resting on from under the table, and made as though he would throw it at Odysseus. But all the other suitors gave him something, and filled his bag with bread and meat. He was about to go back to the threshold and eat what they had given him, but first he went up to Antinous and said:
The classic translation · 42
“Sir, give me something; you are not, surely, the poorest man here; you seem to be a chief, foremost among them all; therefore you should be the better giver, and I will tell far and wide of your bounty. I too was a rich man once, and had a fine house of my own; in those days I gave to many a tramp such as I now am, no matter who he might be nor what he wanted. I had any number of servants, and all the other things which people have who live well and are accounted wealthy, but it pleased Zeus to take all away from me. He sent me with a band of roving robbers to Egypt; it was a long voyage and I was undone by it. I stationed my ships in the river Aegyptus, and bade my men stay by them and keep guard over them, while I sent out scouts to reconnoitre from every point of vantage.
Plain English · 42
"Sir, give me something. You are surely not the poorest man here. You seem to be a chief, the first among them all, so you ought to be the better giver, and I will tell far and wide of your generosity. I too was a rich man once, and had a fine house of my own. In those days I gave to many a tramp such as I am now, no matter who he was or what he wanted. I had any number of servants, and all the other things people have who live well and are counted wealthy. But it pleased Zeus to take it all away from me. He sent me with a band of roving raiders to Egypt. It was a long voyage, and it was the ruin of me. I anchored my ships in the river Aegyptus and told my men to stay by them and guard them, while I sent out scouts to look around from every high point.
The classic translation · 43
“But the men disobeyed my orders, took to their own devices, and ravaged the land of the Egyptians, killing the men, and taking their wives and children captives. The alarm was soon carried to the city, and when they heard the war-cry, the people came out at daybreak till the plain was filled with soldiers horse and foot, and with the gleam of armour. Then Zeus spread panic among my men, and they would no longer face the enemy, for they found themselves surrounded. The Egyptians killed many of us, and took the rest alive to do forced labour for them; as for myself, they gave me to a friend who met them, to take to Cyprus, Dmetor by name, son of Iasus, who was a great man in Cyprus. Thence I am come hither in a state of great misery.”
Plain English · 43
"But the men disobeyed my orders and went their own way. They ravaged the land of the Egyptians, killing the men and taking their wives and children prisoner. The alarm soon reached the city, and when the people heard the war cry they came out at daybreak, until the plain was full of soldiers, horse and foot, and the gleam of armor. Then Zeus spread panic among my men, and they would not face the enemy any longer, because they found themselves surrounded. The Egyptians killed many of us and took the rest alive to do forced labor for them. As for me, they gave me to a friend of theirs who met them, to take to Cyprus. His name was Dmetor, son of Iasus, and he was a great man in Cyprus. From there I have come here, in great misery."
The classic translation · 44
Then Antinous said, “What god can have sent such a pestilence to plague us during our dinner? Get out, into the open part of the court, or I will give you Egypt and Cyprus over again for your insolence and importunity; you have begged of all the others, and they have given you lavishly, for they have abundance round them, and it is easy to be free with other people’s property when there is plenty of it.”
Plain English · 44
Then Antinous said, "What god can have sent such a plague to trouble us at our dinner? Get out, into the open part of the court, or I will give you Egypt and Cyprus all over again for your insolence and your pestering. You have begged from all the others, and they have given to you lavishly, because they have plenty around them, and it is easy to be free with other people's property when there is plenty of it."
The classic translation · 45
On this Odysseus began to move off, and said, “Your looks, my fine sir, are better than your breeding; if you were in your own house you would not spare a poor man so much as a pinch of salt, for though you are in another man’s, and surrounded with abundance, you cannot find it in you to give him even a piece of bread.”
Plain English · 45
At this Odysseus began to move off, and said, "Your looks, my fine sir, are better than your breeding. If you were in your own house you would not spare a poor man so much as a pinch of salt. You are in another man's house, surrounded with plenty, and you cannot find it in you to give him even a piece of bread."
The classic translation · 46
This made Antinous very angry, and he scowled at him saying, “You shall pay for this before you get clear of the court.” With these words he threw a footstool at him, and hit him on the right shoulder blade near the top of his back. Odysseus stood firm as a rock and the blow did not even stagger him, but he shook his head in silence as he brooded on his revenge. Then he went back to the threshold and sat down there, laying his well filled wallet at his feet.
Plain English · 46
This made Antinous very angry, and he scowled at him and said, "You shall pay for that before you get clear of the court." With these words he threw a footstool at him and hit him on the right shoulder blade, near the top of his back. Odysseus stood firm as a rock, and the blow did not even stagger him, but he shook his head in silence as he brooded on his revenge. Then he went back to the threshold and sat down there, laying his well-filled bag at his feet.
The classic translation · 47
“Listen to me,” he cried, “you suitors of Queen Penelope, that I may speak even as I am minded. A man knows neither ache nor pain if he gets hit while fighting for his money, or for his sheep or his cattle; and even so Antinous has hit me while in the service of my miserable belly, which is always getting people into trouble. Still, if the poor have gods and avenging deities at all, I pray them that Antinous may come to a bad end before his marriage.”
Plain English · 47
"Listen to me," he cried, "you suitors of Queen Penelope, and let me say what is in my mind. A man feels neither ache nor pain if he gets hit while fighting for his money, or for his sheep or his cattle. And Antinous has hit me while I am in the service of my miserable belly, which is always getting people into trouble. Still, if the poor have gods and avenging spirits at all, I pray that Antinous may come to a bad end before his marriage."
The classic translation · 48
“Sit where you are, and eat your victuals in silence, or be off elsewhere,” shouted Antinous. “If you say more I will have you dragged hand and foot through the courts, and the servants shall flay you alive.”
Plain English · 48
"Sit where you are and eat your food in silence, or be off somewhere else," shouted Antinous. "If you say any more I will have you dragged hand and foot through the courts, and the servants shall flay you alive."
The classic translation · 49
The other suitors were much displeased at this, and one of the young men said, “Antinous, you did ill in striking that poor wretch of a tramp: it will be worse for you if he should turn out to be some god—and we know the gods go about disguised in all sorts of ways as people from foreign countries, and travel about the world to see who do amiss and who righteously.”
Plain English · 49
The other suitors were much displeased at this, and one of the young men said, "Antinous, you did wrong to strike that poor wretch of a tramp. It will be the worse for you if he should turn out to be some god. And we know the gods go about disguised in all sorts of ways as people from foreign countries, traveling about the world to see who does wrong and who does right."
The classic translation · 50
Thus said the suitors, but Antinous paid them no heed. Meanwhile Telemachus was furious about the blow that had been given to his father, and though no tear fell from him, he shook his head in silence and brooded on his revenge.
Plain English · 50
So said the suitors, but Antinous paid them no attention. Meanwhile Telemachus was furious about the blow that had been given to his father, and though no tear fell from him, he shook his head in silence and brooded on his revenge.
The classic translation · 51
Now when Penelope heard that the beggar had been struck in the banqueting-cloister, she said before her maids, “Would that Apollo would so strike you, Antinous,” and her waiting woman Eurynome answered, “If our prayers were answered not one of the suitors would ever again see the sun rise.” Then Penelope said, “Nurse, I hate every single one of them, for they mean nothing but mischief, but I hate Antinous like the darkness of death itself. A poor unfortunate tramp has come begging about the house for sheer want. Every one else has given him something to put in his wallet, but Antinous has hit him on the right shoulder-blade with a footstool.”
Plain English · 51
Now Penelope heard that the beggar had been struck in the walkway where they were feasting. She said in front of her maids, "I wish Apollo would strike you the same way, Antinous." And her waiting woman Eurynome answered, "If our prayers were answered, not one of the suitors would ever see the sun rise again." Then Penelope said, "Nurse, I hate every single one of them, because they mean nothing but mischief, but I hate Antinous like the darkness of death itself. A poor unfortunate tramp has come begging about the house out of sheer want. Everyone else has given him something to put in his bag, but Antinous has hit him on the right shoulder blade with a footstool."
The classic translation · 52
Thus did she talk with her maids as she sat in her own room, and in the meantime Odysseus was getting his dinner. Then she called for the swineherd and said, “Eumaeus, go and tell the stranger to come here, I want to see him and ask him some questions. He seems to have travelled much, and he may have seen or heard something of my unhappy husband.”
Plain English · 52
So she talked with her maids as she sat in her own room, while Odysseus was getting his dinner. Then she called for the swineherd and said, "Eumaeus, go and tell the stranger to come here. I want to see him and ask him some questions. He seems to have traveled a great deal, and he may have seen or heard something of my unhappy husband."
The classic translation · 53
To this you answered, O swineherd Eumaeus, “If these Achaeans, Madam, would only keep quiet, you would be charmed with the history of his adventures. I had him three days and three nights with me in my hut, which was the first place he reached after running away from his ship, and he has not yet completed the story of his misfortunes. If he had been the most heaven-taught minstrel in the whole world, on whose lips all hearers hang entranced, I could not have been more charmed as I sat in my hut and listened to him. He says there is an old friendship between his house and that of Odysseus, and that he comes from Crete where the descendants of Minos live, after having been driven hither and thither by every kind of misfortune; he also declares that he has heard of Odysseus as being alive and near at hand among the Thesprotians, and that he is bringing great wealth home with him.”
Plain English · 53
And you answered her, swineherd Eumaeus, "If these Achaeans would only keep quiet, madam, you would be charmed with the story of his adventures. I had him three days and three nights with me in my hut. That was the first place he reached after running away from his ship, and he has not finished the story of his misfortunes yet. If he had been the most heaven-taught singer in the whole world, whose every word his hearers hang on, I could not have been more charmed as I sat in my hut and listened to him. He says there is an old friendship between his house and the house of Odysseus. He comes from Crete, where the descendants of Minos live, and he has been driven here and there by every kind of misfortune. He also says he has heard of Odysseus as being alive and close at hand among the Thesprotians, and bringing great wealth home with him."
The classic translation · 54
“Call him here, then,” said Penelope, “that I too may hear his story. As for the suitors, let them take their pleasure indoors or out as they will, for they have nothing to fret about. Their corn and wine remain unwasted in their houses with none but servants to consume them, while they keep hanging about our house day after day sacrificing our oxen, sheep, and fat goats for their banquets, and never giving so much as a thought to the quantity of wine they drink. No estate can stand such recklessness, for we have now no Odysseus to protect us. If he were to come again, he and his son would soon have their revenge.”
Plain English · 54
"Call him here, then," said Penelope, "so that I too may hear his story. As for the suitors, let them take their pleasure indoors or out as they like, because they have nothing to fret about. Their grain and their wine stay unwasted in their houses, with nobody but servants to eat them. Meanwhile they hang about our house day after day, sacrificing our oxen and sheep and fat goats for their feasts. They never give a thought to how much wine they drink. No estate can stand such recklessness, because we have no Odysseus now to protect us. If he were to come again, he and his son would soon have their revenge."
The classic translation · 55
As she spoke Telemachus sneezed so loudly that the whole house resounded with it. Penelope laughed when she heard this, and said to Eumaeus, “Go and call the stranger; did you not hear how my son sneezed just as I was speaking? This can only mean that all the suitors are going to be killed, and that not one of them shall escape. Furthermore I say, and lay my saying to your heart: if I am satisfied that the stranger is speaking the truth I shall give him a shirt and cloak of good wear.”
Plain English · 55
As she spoke, Telemachus sneezed so loudly that the whole house rang with it. Penelope laughed when she heard it, and said to Eumaeus, "Go and call the stranger. Did you not hear how my son sneezed just as I was speaking? This can only mean that all the suitors are going to be killed, and that not one of them will escape. And here is something more, so lay it to your heart: if I am satisfied that the stranger is speaking the truth, I shall give him a good shirt and cloak."
The classic translation · 56
When Eumaeus heard this he went straight to Odysseus and said, “Father stranger, my mistress Penelope, mother of Telemachus, has sent for you; she is in great grief, but she wishes to hear anything you can tell her about her husband, and if she is satisfied that you are speaking the truth, she will give you a shirt and cloak, which are the very things that you are most in want of. As for bread, you can get enough of that to fill your belly, by begging about the town, and letting those give that will.”
Plain English · 56
When Eumaeus heard this he went straight to Odysseus and said, "Father stranger, my mistress Penelope, the mother of Telemachus, has sent for you. She is in great grief, but she wants to hear anything you can tell her about her husband. If she is satisfied that you are speaking the truth, she will give you a shirt and cloak, which are the very things you most need. As for bread, you can get enough of that to fill your belly by begging about the town, and letting those give who will."
The classic translation · 57
“I will tell Penelope,” answered Odysseus, “nothing but what is strictly true. I know all about her husband, and have been partner with him in affliction, but I am afraid of passing through this crowd of cruel suitors, for their pride and insolence reach heaven. Just now, moreover, as I was going about the house without doing any harm, a man gave me a blow that hurt me very much, but neither Telemachus nor any one else defended me. Tell Penelope, therefore, to be patient and wait till sundown. Let her give me a seat close up to the fire, for my clothes are worn very thin—you know they are, for you have seen them ever since I first asked you to help me—she can then ask me about the return of her husband.”
Plain English · 57
"I will tell Penelope nothing but the strict truth," Odysseus answered. "I know all about her husband, and have shared his suffering. But I am afraid of passing through this crowd of cruel suitors, because their pride and insolence reach heaven. Just now, as I was going about the house doing no harm at all, a man gave me a blow that hurt me very much, and neither Telemachus nor anyone else defended me. So tell Penelope to be patient and wait until sundown. Let her give me a seat close up to the fire, because my clothes are worn very thin. You know they are, since you have seen them ever since I first asked you to help me. Then she can ask me about her husband's return."
The classic translation · 58
The swineherd went back when he heard this, and Penelope said as she saw him cross the threshold, “Why do you not bring him here, Eumaeus? Is he afraid that some one will ill-treat him, or is he shy of coming inside the house at all? Beggars should not be shamefaced.”
Plain English · 58
The swineherd went back when he heard this, and Penelope said as she saw him cross the threshold, "Why do you not bring him here, Eumaeus? Is he afraid somebody will ill-treat him, or is he shy of coming inside the house at all? Beggars should not be shy."
The classic translation · 59
To this you answered, O swineherd Eumaeus, “The stranger is quite reasonable. He is avoiding the suitors, and is only doing what any one else would do. He asks you to wait till sundown, and it will be much better, madam, that you should have him all to yourself, when you can hear him and talk to him as you will.”
Plain English · 59
And you answered her, swineherd Eumaeus, "The stranger is quite reasonable. He is avoiding the suitors, and doing only what anyone else would do. He asks you to wait until sundown, and it will be much better, madam, for you to have him all to yourself, when you can hear him and talk to him as you like."
The classic translation · 60
“The man is no fool,” answered Penelope, “it would very likely be as he says, for there are no such abominable people in the whole world as these men are.”
Plain English · 60
"The man is no fool," Penelope answered. "It is very likely just as he says, because there are no such abominable people in the whole world as these men."
The classic translation · 61
When she had done speaking Eumaeus went back to the suitors, for he had explained everything. Then he went up to Telemachus and said in his ear so that none could overhear him, “My dear sir, I will now go back to the pigs, to see after your property and my own business. You will look to what is going on here, but above all be careful to keep out of danger, for there are many who bear you ill will. May Zeus bring them to a bad end before they do us a mischief.”
Plain English · 61
When she had finished speaking, Eumaeus went back to the suitors, having explained everything. Then he went up to Telemachus and said in his ear, so that nobody could overhear, "My dear sir, I will go back to the pigs now, to see after your property and my own business. You will look after what is going on here, but above all be careful to keep out of danger, because there are many who wish you harm. May Zeus bring them to a bad end before they do us any mischief."
The classic translation · 62
“Very well,” replied Telemachus, “go home when you have had your dinner, and in the morning come here with the victims we are to sacrifice for the day. Leave the rest to heaven and me.”
Plain English · 62
"Very well," Telemachus replied. "Go home when you have had your dinner, and in the morning come here with the animals we are to sacrifice for the day. Leave the rest to heaven and me."
The classic translation · 63
On this Eumaeus took his seat again, and when he had finished his dinner he left the courts and the cloister with the men at table, and went back to his pigs. As for the suitors, they presently began to amuse themselves with singing and dancing, for it was now getting on towards evening.
Plain English · 63
At this Eumaeus took his seat again, and when he had finished his dinner he left the courts and the covered walkway with the men at table, and went back to his pigs. As for the suitors, they presently began to amuse themselves with singing and dancing, because it was getting on toward evening.
Reading text: plain text file. Public domain, reproduced as recorded.
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